Below is the article summary. Spanish Civil War, (1936-39), military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. Spanish-American War (practice) | Khan Academy These treaties preserved peace during the 1920s but are also credited with enabling the rise of the Japanese Empire as a naval power leading up to World War II. In 1936, the pendulum swung again; new elections yielded a left-center majority and a Popular Front government, alarming the wealthy, the clergy, and the military. Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. international treaty "providing for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy." Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Spanish Civil War - AP European History More AP Euro Chapter Outlines. List of foreign correspondents in the Spanish Civil War their involvement, and hundreds of airplanes were sent, along with tanks and Ap Euro Dbq Example - PHDessay.com The captaincy of the Nationalists was gradually assumed by General Franco, leading forces he had brought from Morocco. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The protagonist of Ernest Hemingway's For Whom the Bell The Algeciras Conference was begun by Germany after it had tested the new French-British understanding by sending a warship to the Tangier where Kaiser William II made a speech favoring Moroccan independence. A diverse bunch,. extent as the Republicans. Nationalist, fascist leadership proved more effective at carrying a 20th century garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music and literature. great quantity. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. Its cruelty is conveyed in the coldly eloquent monochrome of Picassos painting. These were delivered along with the usual political commissars, urging allegiance to the partly line. leftist volunteers were made up mostly of workers, who volunteered out of II. Republican government in Madrid under Largo Cabellero was divided within itself, The president of the Spanish Republic until nearly the end of the war was Manuel Azaa, an anticlerical liberal. He was a Swiss reformed Christian theologian and a leader in the neo-orthodox movement. government fell prey to corruption and faction, and support and organization Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? This treaty averted war for the time being but left both the Russians and Turks dissatisfied and later was one of the causes for the First World War. General Francisco Franco led an army from Spanish Morocco against the republic. Quiz & Worksheet - The Spanish Civil War | Study.com Check your understanding of major events and issues leading up to, during and after the Spanish Civil War with an interactive quiz and. The Republican government, beginning in September 1936, was headed by the socialist leader Francisco Largo Caballero. In the ensuing years, the government became increasingly On April 1, 1945, they invaded Okinawa, only 300 miles south of the Japanese home islands. Please wait while we process your payment. It called for the elimination of primarily Jews, but also non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled. Spanish Civil War | Holocaust Encyclopedia His third period as Prime Minister was during the crisis of the Great Depression when he formed a "National Government" in which a majority of MPs were from the Conservatives, and as a result he was expelled from the Labour Party. Lesson 5 - The Spanish Civil War & the Influence of Foreign Powers: . Franz Ferdinand was emperor of Austria from 1896 until his death. It was the first disarmament conference in history, and is studied by political scientists as a model for a successful disarmament movement. He was also a pastor and one of the leading thinkers in the neo-orthodox movement. an alliance formed in 1920 and 1921 by Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia with the purpose of defending against Hungarian irredentism and preventing the Habsburg restoration, the 1938 annexation of Austria into Greater Germany by the Nazi regime, a British Conservative politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940. difficulties. a diplomatic conference, held in Washington, D.C. from November 1921 to February 1922. . Tolls is such an international brigadier. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. The air force of Britain. This was a treaty signed between Fascist brothers Adolph Hitler and Benito Mussolini. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! The main antagonists were the Nationalists under Gen. Francisco Franco and the Republicans underFrancisco Largo Caballero and, later, Juan Negrn. In August 1936, France joined Britain, the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy in signing a nonintervention agreement that would be ignored by the Germans, Italians, and Soviets. Peace was kept through the partition of the Ottoman Empire; Russians obtained Batum and Kars, won independence for the Serbs and Romanians, recognized Montenegro as an independent state, and divided Bulgaria into three zones still within the Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary was to "occupy and administer" Bosnia, Britain received Cyprus (a large island), France was told they might expand from Algeria into Tunisia, Italy got cheated out of anything, and Germany got nothing. Nationalists suffered from incompetent junior officers, but not to the same Spanish Civil War, (193639), military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. Still the democracies did not act, and would not do so until they were forced to go to war once again, war total and world-wide. In foreign policy, his government was divided between the traditional anti-militarism of the French left and the urgency of the rising threat of Nazi Germany. one of the most distinguished German field marshals of World War II. In this The following day the remnant of the Republican government surrendered; Franco would establish himself as dictator and remain in power until his death on November 20, 1975. It won the May 1936 legislative elections, leading to the formation of a government first headed by SFIO leader Lon Blum and exclusively composed of Radical-Socialist and SFIO ministers. Had they taken Stalingrad, they could have gone to Moscow, and would never have been defeated. The Soviet Union contributed equipment and supplies to the Republicans, who also received help from the Mexican government. About 500,000 people died in the war, and all Spaniards were deeply scarred by the trauma. force, beginning in October 1936 with the creation of the Popular Army, which, In the Spanish Civil War, service for Spaniards living abroad was optional and would have involved a voluntary return to the country to join either side. 20% The goal of these operations as planned by the Germans was to split the British and American Allied line in half, capturing Antwerp and then proceeding to encircle and destroy four Allied armies, forcing the Western Allies to negotiate a peace treaty in the Axis's favor. Spanish Civil War (July 17, 1936 - Apr 1, 1939) - Summary & Facts Austrian Chancellor who refused to be intimidated by Hitler and decided to announce a plebiscite on March 13th in which Austrian people themselves could decide whether to unite with Germany. The coup evolved into the Spanish Civil War during which he led the right-wing Nationalists against the Republicans. The Triple Entente was formed because France, after forming the entente cordiale with Britain, wanted to reconcile its other ally, Russia, with Britain. This war was begun when Italy declared war on Turkey and conquered Tripoli and the Dodecanese Islands. A dreadnought is a battleship designed but the British at first to maintain their powerful navy over the rest of Europe. A German term used by Hitler to describe the German people, Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people, made up by Italy, France, and Britain to keep the status quo in Europe when Hitler decided to rearm Germany, this was a report generated by a League of Nations to try to determine the causes of the Manchurian Incident which led to the Empire of Japan's seizure of Manchuria; it condemned Japan for resorting to force, but the powers were unwilling to impose sanctions; Japan then withdrew from the league and kept Manchuria, these were Fascists in Spain; they lost the 1936 elections; as a result, Francisco Franco led an army against the republic; this coup d'etat was successful and Franco became the dictator of Spain. Moltke, however, gave too-vague orders to the troops on the French front, resulting in a retreat. The Nationalist side gradually gained territory and by April 1938 succeeded in splitting Spain from east to west, causing 250,000 Republican forces to flee into France. The following list of foreign correspondents in the Spanish Civil War is an alphabetical list of the large number of journalists and photographers who were in Spain at some stage of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). A region in northwestern France on the English channel. Fascism was on the march. Austria did not want the Serbs to gain access to the sea, so they too wanted Albania for themselves. political idealism. He is particularly remembered for advocating interventionist government policy, by which the government would use fiscal and monetary measures to mitigate the adverse effects of economic recessions, depressions and booms. An elected center-left government faced a military revolt that eventually resulted in the creation of an authoritarian regime. a military strategy used in a WWII where the Allies bombed the Japanese for days on end with the goal of weakening their defenses and bringing them to a surrender (which they never do). Whither thou goest, I will go, as it says in Ruth 111 161616. A British army general who defeated the Germans at El Alamein in Egypt, and began pursuing them westward. Blum passed legislation extending the rights of the Arab population of Algeria. city in the northwest corner of France where the allied troops were trapped by the advancing Germany Army. artillery. On March 5 the Republican government flew to exile in France. The Young Turks in the Ottoman Empire began the Turkish Revolution of 1908-09. a worldwide economic downturn which started in October of 1929 and lasted through most of the 1930s. March 3, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 The Triple Entente refers to the unofficial alliance between England, France, and Russia, created to counter the alliance Triple Alliance. General map of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). The Spanish Civil War & the Influence of Foreign Powers: Definition Spanish Civil War, (193639) Military revolt against the government of Spain. By the time the fighting ended on June 2, 1945, the U.S. had lost 50,000 men and the Japanese 100,000. Republicans was the presence of the International Brigades. Nationalists took control quickly, in many cases aided by supplies from Benito The European powers created an independent kingdom in Albania to keep the peace but this did not satisfy Serbia, Russia, or Greece and was a leading cause of the events that sparked the First World War. WHKMLA : History of the Spanish Phalange Triple Entente The Triple Entente refers to the unofficial alliance between England, France, and Russia, created to counter the alliance Triple Alliance. judgment of his military advisors, sending bombers and soldiers to Spain in Co-owner of one of the Irish Press Newspapers, he served in public office from 1917 to 1973, holding the various Irish prime ministerial and presidential offices. They assured an alliance with each other while agreeing to support each other against Allied powers. The trials were held in the city of Nuremberg, Germany, from 1945 to 1949, at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice. out the war than the clumsy democratic government of the Republicans. one of the most distinguished German field marshals of World War II. Free trial is available to new customers only. Because the Russians held the line, the Germans were pushed back, and never recovered. AP Euro (English Civil War) Flashcards | Quizlet Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. On one side were the anarchists and militant socialists, who viewed the war as a revolutionary struggle and spearheaded widespread collectivization of agriculture, industry, and services; on the other were the more moderate socialists and republicans, whose objective was the preservation of the Republic. Nationally, representatives supposedly devised the country's plans for Italy's economic self-sufficiency. on 50-99 accounts. occurred in 1923 when Germany stopped making their reparation payments required by the Treaty of Versailles. He successfully commanded Allied forces at the Battle of El Alamein, and troops under his command were largely responsible for the expulsion of Axis forces from North Africa. French fighters in World War II, who decided to continue fighting against Axis forces after the surrender of France and subsequent German occupation. Picasso, who had allied himself with the Republican cause, read about the massacre of defenseless civilians and the theme of the mural for the Spanish Pavilion suddenly presented itself. The other great thing about teaching the Spanish Civil War in a European history class is its incredible wealth of documents. Amidst this rapid political fluctuation, and in the dawn of the Spanish Civil War, came the advent of the Spanish Falange. In 1939, the Fascist forces won (with help from Italy and Germany). organization founded after World War II to promote international peace and cooperation. Pan-Slavism was preached by leading Russians in the years of the Russo-Turkish War. It developed as a short but highly significant artistic movement between about 1907 and 1914 in France. His painterly skills are often attributed to the influence of Renaissance masters, French intellectual, novelist, essayist and critic, best known as the author of In Search of Lost Time (in French la recherche du temps perdu, also translated as Remembrance of Things Past), a monumental work of twentieth-century fiction consisting of seven volumes published from 1913 to 1927, a semi-autobiographical novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust. Mussolini had been involved to some extent in Spanish affairs before the revolt, Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). aircraft and Soviet military advisors. A succession of governmental crises culminated in the elections of February 16, 1936, which brought to power a Popular Front government supported by most of the parties of the left and opposed by the parties of the right and what remained of the centre. General Francisco Franco led the rebellion. The strongly nationalistic PM of France during WWI, who helped negotiate the Treaty of Versailles. extreme right. Hitler commissioned the film and served as an unofficial executive producer, an fascist political organization founded by Jos Antonio Primo de Rivera in 1933 in opposition to the Second Spanish Republic. Teaching the ALBA curriculum: The Spanish Civil War in AP European The Spanish-American War lasted only six weeks and resulted in a decisive victory for the United States. His most prominent work, it is popularly known for its extended length and the notion of involuntary memory, the most famous example being the "episode of the madeleine". "Monty", was a British Army officer. The right reacted with fervor. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States. By all rights, the legitimate, elected government should have won this struggle against a handful of insurgent generals. It began in the United States and quickly spread to Europe and every part of the world, with devastating effects in both industrialized countries and those which export raw materials. She started the journal Die Rote Fahne (The Red Flag). They laid siege to it but were unable to get beyond the University City area. a propaganda film by the German filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl. General Francisco Franco They granted the right to vote to women. 22 Life in the Emerging Urban Society. He supported the rebels against the Politically, the territories belonged to the Austrian Empire until 1918, from 1918 to 1938 to Czechoslovakia, from 1938 to 1945 to Germany, from 1945 until 1993 again to Czechoslovakia and since 1993 to the Czech Republic. 20: The Revolution in Energy and Industry, Ch. Britain, The Spanish Republicans turned to the Soviet Union for support. The Cold War between the democratic West and communist East lasted from 1945-1991. Updates? The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938. a region of Czechoslovakia where many Germans lived; demanded by Hitler in 1938 to have control of this land; when Czechs refused, Hitler threatened war. Their intervention in the Spanish Civil War was a prologue to World War IL. . his people viewed him as a god. At that time Spain was in the grip of a civil war and in April 1937, in broad daylight, the population of the small town of Guernica in the Republican-held Basque region of Spain was devastated by German bombers and fighters from the Condor Legion acting on General Franco's orders. The Nationalists and Republicans proceeded to organize their respective territories and to repress opposition or suspected opposition. a line of concrete fortifications, tank obstacles, machine gun posts and other defenses which France constructed along its borders with Germany and with Italy, in the light of experience from World War I, and in the run-up to World War II. The wars end brought a period of dictatorship that lasted until the mid-1970s. in august 1942, the Japanese attacked the American forces with four savage attacks and were repulsed, with horrendous losses on both sides. Moltke divided the forces on the western to counter the Russian army, greatly weakening his army and forcing them to retreat. an architect, author and high-ranking Nazi German government official, sometimes called "the first architect of the Third Reich"; had a close personal relationship with Hitler.