Should I use ointments or creams for my skin condition? School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Meerut, Semisolid dosage forms: Paste and Jellies, Packaging material for various formulations, 4 vol. Ointments are one of many semisolid preparations, which also include creams, pastes, and jellies. The ointment is applied to the damaged area as a thin layer and spread levelly using gentle pressure with the fingertips. Elocon (cream, ointment, lotion) Age 2 and above: Apply thin film once daily; may use for up to 3 straight weeks in children before stopping. Water in oil emulsion bases: They are used as emollients, cleansing creams, vehicles for solid, liquid or non hydrolysable drugs. Melt the white wax and spermaceti on a hot plate. Neosporin + pain relief [package insert]. Below, youll find essential information that can help you narrow down your options and find a product that works well for your skin needs. Flatten about 1 of the bottom of the tube with a spatula. Instead, they create a barrier to lock in moisture. Jhonson F. et al. There are five (5) classes or types of ointment bases which are differentiated on the basis of their physical composition. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylacetoamide (DMA) have been widely used as cosolvents because of their large solubilization capacity for poorly soluble drugs and their relatively low toxicity.19-21 Mometasone 0.1%. Two options are an ointment mill, and an electric mortar and pestle. Ointment mills produce very smooth and elegant ointments. They are bulky to handle. We've updated our privacy policy. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. water. No need to heat beyond 70 75C. The greater the amount of rubbing in or inunction of the formulation, the greater the absorption. These ointments are used in treatment of nasal mucosa through a topical way. These formulations are typically manufactured. This could also help you avoid getting wrinkles. It is widely used as a milder alternative to glycolic acid., The most common saturated fatty acids used in soap are, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid ( Michelle 2014). You may experience: Abdominal pain, upset stomach and diarrhea. Quetiapine is available in the market with the brand name of Seroquel XL (2). Ex: PEG ointment, Polybase. This can make them ideal for widespread treatment areas. Yes. Most bases achieve their final consistency and texture several hours after they are compounded. The ointment is applied as a narrow band of approximately 0.25 0.5 inch. Low-Risk level encompasses simple admixtures involving closed-system transfer, measuring, and mixing of three or fewer sterile products. American Academy of Dermatology Association. The problems of stability of ointments are mostly concerned with the initial and 'in-use' microbial contamination and its increase. Side Effects Strong ointments and improper use may cause such problems as skin allergies, dryness, lesions and even a permanent thinning of the skin. Heat may be necessary if the quantity of liquid to add to the base is large. Quetiapine Fumarate Case Study 3223 Words | 13 Pages The thickness of the skin varies with the different parts of the body. Make sure to read product labels carefully, especially if you have sensitive skin, and avoid any gel product with alcohol or fragrances. d. Vaginal Ointments: These ointments are used to apply inside the vagina. Commercial materials have variable thicknesses or powder forms that can be mixed with water. Simple and rapid to formulate and, SOLUBILITY AND DRUG SOLUBILIZATION Very sticky or thick ointments are often more easily made on a slab. Physico-chemically less stable than solid dosage form. In general, Pharmaceutical creams, ointments, gels, suppositories, and paste are greasy and they difficult to clean. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The dosage form (e.g. Then gradually reduce the heat to melt the ingredient with the next lowest melting point. Creams evaporate much quickly than ointments and thus heals such conditions faster. Surjushe A, et al. Summary. The following table summarizes the composition, properties, and common uses of each of the five types. Water soluble drugs can be dissolved in a small quantity of water and incorporated using a pill tile and spatula. Ointments are used as moisturizersnormally a combination of 80 percent oil and 20 percent water. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. If a larger portion of oil is to be added, the addition of more emulsifier may be necessary. The outer layer is called the stratum corneum and these cells are sloughed off to the environment. Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. Use the spatula to put ointment into the crevices. Condition Addiction Cancer Cardiovascular diseases Dermatology Diabetes Elderly care Gastrointestinal system diseases Infectious diseases Mental health Minor ailments Musculoskeletal conditions Neurological conditions Paediatrics and neonatal Pain: acute Pain: chronic Palliative care Renal diseases Respiratory tract diseases Sexual health Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. 2. If preparing a large quantity of ointment, a mixing device of some type might be used instead of the ointment slab and spatula. Enzyme in epidermis may denature the drugs of gels. Long-term use of corticosteroids can have side effects that include: acne weight gain bruising mood disorders, including depression high blood pressure diabetes osteoporosis cataracts glaucoma. and fill the bottom of the ointment jar. It may also interact with blood-thinning drugs. American Family Physician. Add the mineral oil to this mixture and bring the temperature to 70C. If a child comes in contact with certain bacteria, the child can get a rash that is actually a bacterial infection called Impetigo. Source Buhse LF, et al. That makes them a good option for areas prone to extreme dryness, like the knuckles and elbows. Ointments contain the most oil, making them the best choice for extremely dry, cracked skin. If adding volatile ingredients such as oils, flavors, or drugs, add them when the product is cool to the back of the hand. The melt will still be fluid enough for adequate mixing but not hot enough to evaporate the ingredient. Distinctions between lotions and creams are open to individual interpretation. Sethi, A., et al. However, two topical products generally shouldnt be applied to the same area of skin at the same time. Its also possible to find gel-lotion combination products, which go on much like a lotion. Advantages of ointments include the following : Handling of ointments is easier than large liquid dosage forms. Generally, the amount of drug to be incorporated into the ointment will be much less than the amount of ointment. This will minimize layering of the ointment in the packaging container. Safe for Sensitive Skin. When looking for a skin moisturizer or treatment, youll typically come across four main types of products: Different ratios of water and oil give these substances unique textures, which can have some effect on the products intended purpose. : Bentonite and Magnesium aluminum silicate. How dangerous? Both shea butter and cocoa butter contain fatty acids, which allow your skin to retain moisture. Interventions for hand eczema. Also, because of the extended contact time, the ocular surface could be exposed to preservative agents for a longer period. The SlideShare family just got bigger. InformedHealth.org. Expensive: The best and most effective skin brightener creams are usually expensive. Others speed up, or stimulate, the CNS. Lotions: Lotions are non-greasy products. This agent inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit on the ribosome. There are several disadvantages as well including difficulty swallowing for some patients and taking longer to absorb than liquid medications. Active pharmaceutical ingredient is the main ingredient in the preparation of ointment. Selection of area to be examined carefully during application of gels. Creams, which can also work well for dry skin, may offer a better alternative if you dont want the greasy feel that many oil-based products leave behind. Skin conditions at a glance. Wet or "weeping" skin lesions, such as eczema or poison ivy, are best treated with a cream (or gel). the influence of the formulation on the stratum corneum. The longer the formulation remains in contract with the skin, the greater will be the absorption. The same comments that apply to incorporating water soluble ingredients into absorption bases also apply to w/o emulsion bases. If the drug will reside in the external phase, then mineral oil should be used. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Between stitches, twisted ankles, swollen eyes, deep bruises and a host of other ailments. (2019). We avoid using tertiary references. Ointments are best suited to treat dry skin conditions. Purnamawati, S., et al. Preadability. These bases are either carbowax (polyethylene glycols), hydrated gums (bentonite, gelatin, cellulose derivatives). e. Nasal Ointments: These ointments are used in treatment of nasal mucosa through a topical way. Creams also tend to have a more cosmetically-pleasing appearance. Lotion bottles also often have pumps, while youll frequently find creams sold in jars. Many of these medications are topical products, such as ointments, creams, and lotions. In addition, dermatological formulations can be easily removed if necessary. Several ointments, creams, and lotions have the same active ingredient. The major disadvantage of the topical route is that the drugs having poorly lipid-soluble and high molecular weight are not absorbed by the skin or mucous membranes. Benefits of the Topical Route of Drug Administration Black rubber or plastic spatulas are not used in ointment compounding. One of the greatest advantages of topical skin infection medicine is the avoidance of systemic side effects. Balms are highly concentrated, since they dont contain the filler ingredients necessary for water-based products. Drugs from many different therapeutic classes and numerous dosage form and drug delivery system are implicated in non prescription drug abuse. The same product may not be the best option for all of your skin care needs. C- Ointments either have poor drug release or poor drug percutaneous. Prepare 120 g of each of the following five ointments on a w/w basis. lotion) depends on the route of administration (e.g. The type of bases used in rectal ointments include combinations of PEG 300 and PEG 3350, cetyl alcohol and cetyl esters, wax, liquid paraffin and white paraffin. They are derived from vegetable sources or animal sources. Humectants are common ingredients in skin and hair products, but what are they, exactly? Percutaneous (through the skin) absorption is the result of three competing processes: Although the percutaneous absorption of drugs is a complex process, several generalizations are possible: Percutaneous administration affords an ease of administration not found in other routes, and patient compliance is generally good with dermatological formulations. If the insoluble powder has a different salt form that is oil soluble, consideration should be given to using that salt form. Gel products may cause irritation and excess dryness. Topical drug classification. Typically, they have an oily or greasy consistency and can appear stiff as they are applied to the skin. They are bulkier than solid dosage forms. People who abuse CNS stimulants or depressants give control of their bodies to the drug, sometimes with dangerous consequences. Check whether the label says oil-free or lightweight. This language typically refers to a lotion, not a cream. This will change the consistency of the final product making it more stiff than desired. Results depend on the type of drug, dosage (strength) and fungus. water. An ointment usually forms a thick barrier or protective layer on top of your skin. (2018). Creams are best when covering large areas of the skin or to avoid the greasiness associated with an ointment. Add the cholesterol to the mixture; stir until completely dissolved. Like blood circulatory machine, breathing and so forth. These picks are great for dry, oily, sensitive, and mature skin. Of all skin products, ointments contain the highest oil content. Texture Ointments, which can be petroleum- or oil-based, tend to be greasy and occlusive. The bioavailability of drugs administered as ointments is more since it prevents passage through the liver. 2. Here drugs are absorbed through the blood supply of the nasal lining. While a cream has equal parts oil and water, ointments have about 80 percent oil. Due to their water content, creams are easily absorbed in the skin. Age >1: apply a thin film twice a . You might also find that gels work well as facial moisturizers during the hot and humid summer months. Antibiotic ophthalmic ointment or solution is applied to the conjunctiva and ice compresses are immediately applied to the lower lids and, as much as tolerated, for the first 48 hours postoperatively. swelling, redness, or warmth of the foreskin or the head of the penis. Creams: Compared to ointments, creams are not as heavy and thick. When heat is used to melt ingredients, use a water bath or special low temperature hotplate. GoodRx provides no warranty for any information. Thus alternative strategies are of a lot of interest. However, several chemicals have been found that promote the percutaneous absorption of drugs. Between 2 and 4 grams of an ointment may be lost in the compounding process. The best topical medication will vary from person-to-person. The type of bases used in rectal ointments include combinations of PEG 300 and PEG 3350, cetyl alcohol and cetyl esters, wax, liquid paraffin and white paraffin. Most ingredients used in ointment bases will liquefy around 70C These two heating devices provide adequate control over the heating and will ensure that the ingredients are not over heated. How do I change the day on my citizen calendar? If the drug will reside in the internal phase (water phase), then the levigating agent should be water soluble or miscible. Quetiapine Fumarate (QF) is a psychotropic agent indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder. Both the timing and the dosage can be effectively controlled with the transdermal patch or cream. There are both advantages and disadvantages to this method. Decreased penetration in the affected area. Sunburn responds well to aloe vera gel, in part because of the products rapid absorption rate. It will just be back within a week's time. Water soluble powders can be directly incorporated into the external phase using a pill tile and spatula. Oil in water emulsion bases: They are used as drug vehicles. When melting a number of ingredients, melt the ingredient with the highest melting point first. Commonly used preservatives are: Benzalkonium chloride, methyl paraben, and other parabens. As vagina is more sensitive to infections, the ointment should be free from microorganisms, molds and yeasts. Please seek medical advice before starting, changing or terminating any medical treatment. procedures that take place in residing organisms are called physiological techniques. This combination locks in moisture more effectively than creams and lotions, which are normally made with more water. Similar to gels, ointments take more time to become effective and can cause blurry vision when they are applied. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The temperature of the process is between 180 to 350 C.Here the alcohol is Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Continue this process until all ingredients have been added. Using an ointment after frequent handwashing can also help protect skin and keep your hands from drying out. To compensate for this loss, make an excess of the ointment. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care. Creams or ointments for the dry spots, but no product on the oily spots, Good medication absorption through the skin, Forms a thick, protective layer that can help your skin heal, Sometimes not preferred due to cosmetic concerns, More cosmetically appealing than ointments (less greasy), Good for skin conditions that ooze or crust, More likely to contain preservatives that can cause irritation and stinging, Not able to form a thick, protective barrier on your skin, Have the least amount of grease and leave very little residue, Generally less potent than ointments and creams.